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Unlike a broken bone or an open wound, heartworms do not advertise their presence with a limp or a whine. Because heartworm symptoms in dogs and cats are often invisible, internal damage can occur before a pet parent even notices any red flags. This is why heartworm prevention is one of the most important topics your veterinarian will ever discuss with you. The first step in protecting your pet from heartworm infection is to understand the parasite that causes it and where it comes from. 

Heartworms can only be transmitted from animal to animal by mosquitoes

 explains. A mosquito bites an infected dog, picks up immature heartworms in the process, and then passes them along to the next dog it bites.

Once inside a dog, those larvae take about six to seven months to grow into adult worms and settle into the heart and pulmonary arteries,

 where they can live for “five to seven years

Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine

). The worms grow surprisingly large, and over time, the physical burden they place on the heart and lungs can become serious.

One of the most difficult realities for pet owners is that the early stages of heartworm disease are often completely silent. It can take several years before dogs show any visible signs of infection, and by the time a persistent cough or unusual symptom appears, the disease has already quietly progressed. Waiting for your pet to seem sick is not a safe approach and can be a risk to their long-term health.

Heartworm disease is more widespread than most pet owners realize, and the numbers are increasing every year.

 While many believe the risk is limited to humid, southern climates, Heartworm disease has been detected in all 50 states

, and its reach continues to grow as climate shifts expand mosquito populations and the relocation of pets across state lines introduces the disease to new areas (

According to a recent American Heartworm Society (

) survey, data reported by the AVMA reveals that over 68% of dogs in the U.S. leave their veterinary clinic without a single dose of heartworm preventive. This gap in protection makes the "chance of infection" higher than ever. As the environmental and social factors evolve, the reach of this life-threatening disease continues to grow nationwide.

Because heartworms damage the heart and lungs slowly over time, symptoms may be subtle at first. Early warning signs in dogs may include:

As the infection progresses, symptoms can become more severe. Dogs may develop difficulty breathing or a swollen belly due to fluid buildup. In the more advanced cases, an abundance of worms blocks blood flow through the heart, creating a life-threatening emergency that often requires immediate surgery.

Cats can also develop heartworm disease, although it affects them differently. Because cats typically harbor fewer worms, the disease may present as sudden respiratory distress, coughing, vomiting or asthma-like symptoms. In some cases, sudden death may be the first and only sign of infection. According to the 

, even a single worm can cause serious illness in cats.

What Treatment Looks Like (Why Prevention Is So Much Better)

If a dog tests positive for heartworm, serious treatment challenges lie ahead. An ingredient called 

 is the only FDA-approved drug for heartworm treatment in dogs

, and it must be administered by a veterinarian through a series of injections (

). Following treatment, dogs require restricted exercise for up to six weeks because active dogs are at risk for potentially fatal blood clots in the lungs. The process is physically taxing on the animal and emotionally exhausting for the family watching it happen.

Monthly preventive medications, chewable tablets, or topical treatments are accessible and highly effective. 

 are safe, relatively inexpensive and easy to give, but if a dog becomes infected, treatment can be costly and difficult, requiring multiple veterinary visits and months of exercise restriction, the 

Protecting Your Pet Starts With Prevention

Heartworm is a serious and largely preventable disease. Because infections develop quietly and without symptoms, waiting until a pet appears sick can allow damage to occur inside the heart and lungs. Consistent 

, screenings and regular veterinary checkups are the most reliable ways to protect pets from this dangerous parasite.

 simplifies the prevention process. Through direct collaboration with veterinary clinics and veterinarians, 

 enables owners to easily order prescribed medications for their pets online, ensuring they are delivered directly to their homes on a regular schedule.

What Every Pet Parent Needs to Know About Heartworm

You know your pet better than anyone. You notice when the morning shuffle to the food bowl takes a little longer than usual, when the tail wag is missing from the afternoon greeting, or when jumping onto the couch happens less and less. These are the moments that signal a joint flare-up, and for the millions of pet owners managing a dog or cat with arthritis, they're a familiar and frustrating reality.

Joint flare-ups are defined as a sudden spike in pain and inflammation in an already arthritic joint. According to

, dogs with arthritis can have good days and bad days much like their human counterparts, and flare-ups need to be managed daily to keep your pet as comfortable as possible. Understanding what triggers them, how to respond and how to plan ahead can make a meaningful difference in your pet's quality of life.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most common joint disease encountered in humans and animals. 

 notes that in canines the inflammatory and degenerative process involved with the disease often starts early in life so that by the time that the clinical signs are noted it can be quite advanced. Being overweight with OA makes the problem even worse. 

 noted that even a reduction of 6.2% of body weight in dogs that were obese and diagnosed with OA led to a reduction in lameness. Being heavy is not just a physical load to the joints, it’s also a biochemical one too. If the disease is not properly managed, these signs can gradually become more difficult to control and more irreversible as the disease progresses. Early and consistent intervention is key.

One of the challenges with arthritis is that flare ups can appear suddenly, even when a pet seemed relatively comfortable the day before. According to the 

, common clinical signs of osteoarthritis include lameness, joint swelling, muscle loss around the affected joint and difficulty with normal movement. Because animals hide pain very well, these changes can look subtle at first. However, there are several signs that may indicate inflammation in the joints has increased. You might notice extra stiffness when your dog gets up from a nap or when your cat rises after sleeping. Limping or favoring one leg can also become more pronounced during a flare up. Some pets struggle with activities that were previously manageable such as climbing stairs, jumping onto furniture or getting into the car. 

Behavioral changes can also signal pain. A pet experiencing a flare up may sleep more than usual, show less interest in play or seem reluctant to go for walks. Some dogs may become irritable when touched around painful joints. Cats often show discomfort in quieter ways. They may groom less frequently, avoid jumping onto high surfaces or stop using elevated resting spots that were once favorite locations. Changes in grooming habits, mobility or daily routines can all be signs that joint pain has increased.

Flare ups rarely occur without a reason. In many cases they are triggered by a combination of physical strain and underlying joint disease. Excessive activity is one of the most common causes. A long hike, energetic play session or roughhousing with another dog can temporarily worsen inflammation in joints that are already compromised. While exercise is important for maintaining muscle strength and mobility, sudden bursts of intense activity can push arthritic joints beyond their comfort zone.

Weather changes are another frequently reported factor. Many pet owners notice their animals seem stiffer during colder months or during shifts in barometric pressure. While research on this effect is still developing, veterinarians commonly hear these observations from clients managing arthritis in their pets.

Weight also plays a major role. Extra body weight increases pressure on already stressed joints while also contributing to inflammation throughout the body. According to the 

, obesity is strongly linked with worsening osteoarthritis because increased mechanical load accelerates joint breakdown.

Managing arthritis effectively involves more than reacting to flare ups as they occur. Long term planning can significantly reduce how often these episodes happen and how severe they become.

Weight management is one of the most effective strategies available. Research has shown that even modest weight reduction in overweight dogs can improve mobility and decrease lameness. By reducing stress on joints and lowering inflammatory signals in the body weight control helps slow disease progression and improves overall comfort.

Consistent low impact exercise is also important. Regular walks, swimming or gentle playing can help maintain muscle strength which stabilizes joints and improves mobility. Strong muscles act as natural support structures that reduce strain on the joint itself.

Environmental adjustments around the home can also make daily life easier. Non slip rugs help prevent slipping on hard floors. Pet stairs or ramps reduce the need for jumping onto furniture or into vehicles. Orthopedic pet beds provide cushioning that reduces pressure on sore joints while resting.

Because osteoarthritis is a progressive condition, treatment is not always a one size fits all or a permanent resolution. Regular communication with your veterinarian helps ensure your pet’s care plan continues to meet their changing needs as the condition develops over time.

Your veterinarian may recommend routine checkups to evaluate joint health, mobility and overall comfort. During these visits they may assess how your pet moves, examine affected joints and discuss any changes you have noticed at home. In some cases diagnostic imaging such as X rays may be used to better understand how the disease is progressing. Based on these findings adjustments to medications, nutrition or exercise routines can be made to better manage pain and support mobility.

 are often an important part to managing flare ups

 Veterinarians commonly prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce inflammation and pain in the joints. Other medications, such as 

, may be used to help manage chronic pain and improve comfort, particularly when nerve related pain is suspected. In some cases additional therapies or medications may be recommended depending on the severity of the condition and the individual pet’s needs. All medications should be used only under veterinary supervision to ensure they are safe and effective for your pet.

Living with arthritis can be challenging for pets and the people who care for them, but understanding the condition makes it easier to manage. Flare ups can still occur from time to time, but recognizing the early signs, identifying common triggers and maintaining a care routine can help reduce both their frequency and severity.

Small adjustments can make a meaningful difference. Maintaining a healthy weight, keeping exercise consistent but gentle, creating a supportive home environment and staying in close communication with your veterinarian all play an important role in protecting joint health. When needed, medications prescribed by your veterinarian can also help control inflammation and manage pain so your pet can continue enjoying daily activities.

Having a reliable way to manage those medications is equally important. That is where services like 

 is a licensed pet pharmacy that works directly with veterinarians to verify prescriptions, fill medications and deliver them to your door. The platform also offers services like automatic refills and medication pouch packaging sorted by date and time, which can make it easier for pet owners to stay consistent with treatment plans. 

Most importantly, your attentiveness as a pet owner remains one of the most powerful tools in managing arthritis. You know your pet’s habits, personality and routines better than anyone else. By noticing subtle changes early and working with your veterinarian and trusted pharmacy partners to keep treatment on track, you can help ensure your pet experiences more comfortable days, better mobility and a higher quality of life.

Pet Arthritis Flare Ups: Managing Your Dog or Cat's Bad Joint Day

Deciding to bring a pet into your life is a commitment to their happiness, but it’s also a commitment to their long-term health. The early days might be filled with potty training, puppy playdates and hunting down the most durable cat toys, but one decision carries more long-term impact than almost any other: 

whether and when to spay or neuter your pet. 

Besides being routine veterinary procedures, spaying and neutering are powerful tools that help save millions of lives each year. Each year in the United States, millions of dogs and cats enter animal shelters, and hundreds of thousands are euthanized simply because there aren’t enough homes available. By preventing unplanned pregnancies, spaying and neutering will directly reduce shelter overcrowding, ease strain on rescue organizations, and help ensure more animals have the chance to live safe, healthy lives in loving homes.

It’s easy to think one unplanned litter won’t make much of a difference. To understand the scale of the issue, we have to look at how quickly one pair of animals can impact a community. According to PETA, a single unspayed female dog and her offspring can produce 67,000 puppies in just six years. For cats, the numbers are even more explosive, with one female and her descendants potentially producing 370,000 kittens in seven years (

). When multiplied across communities, those litters contribute to a nationwide overpopulation crisis. 

In the United States, roughly 5.8 million dogs and cats entered animal shelters in 2024, yet about 607,000 of those animals were euthanized because there weren’t enough homes or resources to care for them. This means that for every 10 shelter pets, roughly one did not survive, despite the dedication of shelters and rescues (

Spaying and neutering are the most powerful tools pet parents have to prevent unplanned litters and combat pet overpopulation. These procedures reduce the number of animals entering shelters and ease overcrowding, giving pets already in shelters a much better chance of finding permanent loving homes. Beyond helping communities and shelters, spaying and neutering also support the health and well-being of individual pets, preventing certain cancers, avoiding heat cycles in females and reducing roaming or aggressive behaviors in males.

Spay and neuter programs benefit communities as well. Fewer roaming or stray animals decrease the risk of bites, disease transmission and conflicts, while shelters can focus resources on animals that truly need care. In this way, sterilization not only protects individual pets but strengthens entire communities by lowering euthanasia rates, reducing shelter strain, helping more animals find safe and permanent homes 

Spaying and neutering isn’t just about preventing litters, they’re also a big positive on your pet’s health. The 

 explains that spaying female pets removes the risk of serious uterine infections like pyometra and greatly lowers the chance of mammary tumors, which are often cancerous. Neutering males eliminates the risk of testicular cancer and can reduce prostate problems later in life. It’s essentially preventive care that can spare your pet from major health issues down the road.

There are behavioral and safety benefits too. Pets that are not spayed or neutered are more likely to roam in search of a mate, which increases their risk of being hit by cars or getting into fights with other animals. Sterilization can also reduce marking behaviors, aggression linked to mating instincts and excessive yowling or howling during heat cycles. That means a calmer pet at home and a lower risk of injuries outside. Choosing to spay or neuter early helps support a longer, healthier and more balanced life for your pet 

Deciding when to spay or neuter your pet is an important choice, and the timing can make a big difference for their health. Most veterinarians recommend spaying female dogs and cats before their first heat cycle to give them the strongest protection against mammary tumors and eliminate the risk of uterine infections. Male pets are often neutered around six to nine months of age, though the exact timing can vary depending on your pet’s breed, size, and overall health (

The best timing isn’t the same for every pet. The American Animal Hospital Association (

) explains that the best age to spay or neuter a dog depends on the projected full grown size. Small‑breed dogs are often spayed or neutered around six months, while large‑breed dogs (over about 45 lbs) may benefit from waiting until growth stops because their bones and joints mature more slowly. Veterinarians should tailor timing to each pet’s breed, size and health profile. 

Spaying or neutering your pet is more than a routine procedure, it’s a proactive investment in their long-term health and one of the most effective ways to prevent pet overpopulation and reduce shelter overcrowding. Every appointment helps decrease unplanned litters and ease the strain on animal shelters nationwide.

Timing matters. Small-breed dogs are often sterilized around six months, while larger breeds may benefit from waiting until skeletal growth is complete (sometimes 9 - 15 months). Cats are typically spayed or neutered around five to six months, though earlier procedures can be safely performed. The American Veterinary Medical Association emphasizes that decisions should be individualized based on breed, size, and health history.

There’s no universal “perfect age” for every pet. The best approach is working closely with your veterinarian to balance cancer prevention, orthopedic health, behavioral benefits, and population control ensuring the healthiest outcome for your companion and a positive impact on the broader pet community.

Why Spaying and Neutering are the Cornerstones of Pet Health and Population Control

Choosing the right parasite preventative is one of the most important decisions for a dog owner. With fleas and ticks becoming increasingly resilient and widespread, oral chewables like NexGard and Bravecto have become the gold standard in veterinary medicine due to their high efficiency and ease of use, both of which are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and widely recommended by veterinarians. 

While these products share similarities in efficiency and drug class, important differences exist in dosing schedule, age indications and safety considerations. This article provides a side-by-side comparison of NexGard and Bravecto to assist dog owners in making informed decisions in consultation with their veterinarian.

 are systemic flea and tick preventatives that belong to the 

 class of medications. After oral administration, the active ingredients circulate in the dog’s bloodstream. Fleas and ticks are killed after they attach and ingest the medication while feeding rather than being repelled prior to attachment.

NexGard contains the active ingredient afoxolaner and is formulated as a beef-flavored chewable tablet administered once every thirty days. It is approved for dogs and puppies eight weeks of age and older that weigh at least four pounds, making it a common choice for puppies beginning parasite prevention (

Bravecto contains fluralaner and is administered orally as a flavored chewable tablet that provides up to twelve weeks of flea and tick protection per dose (Bravecto Prescribing Information). It is approved for dogs six months of age and older and is also available in a topical formulation for dogs that cannot tolerate oral medications (

When comparing NexGard and Bravecto, several differences affect how each medication is incorporated into everyday parasite prevention. These differences can help dog owners choose the option that best fits their age, lifestyle, dosing preferences and risk profile.

One of the most noticeable differences between the two products is the frequency with which they are administered. NexGard is given once every thirty days, which means owners must remember to treat their dog twelve times per year. This regular schedule can align with other monthly care routines such as 

 or monthly grooming reminders. In contrast, Bravecto only needs to be given once every twelve weeks, reducing annual doses to about four per year. This schedule may be more convenient for owners who prefer fewer treatments and a longer duration of continuous protection without monthly dosing reminders. 

Age and body weight play an important role in determining which flea and tick preventative is appropriate for an individual dog. 

 is approved for use in puppies as young as eight weeks of age that weigh at least four pounds, making it one of the earlier oral options available for initiating parasite prevention in young dogs. This early approval allows veterinarians to begin consistent flea and tick control during a critical developmental period when puppies may first be exposed to parasites.

 chews are approved for dogs and puppies six months of age and older weighing at least 4.4 pounds. Because of this higher minimum age requirement, Bravecto is generally introduced later in a dog’s preventive care plan. Some veterinarians may recommend starting puppies on a monthly product such as NexGard and transitioning to Bravecto once the dog reaches the appropriate age.

For both medications, precise weight-based dosing is essential. Each product is formulated in specific strength ranges, and administering the correct dose based on the dog’s current weight helps ensure effective parasite control while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. Dogs should be weighed regularly, particularly during periods of growth, to confirm that the selected dose remains appropriate. Consultation with a veterinarian is recommended before starting or changing any parasite preventative to ensure the medication aligns with the dog’s age, size and overall health status.

NexGard and Bravecto are both trusted, veterinarian-approved options for flea and tick prevention in dogs. While they share a similar mechanism of action, differences in dosing frequency and age eligibility may make one a better fit depending on a dog’s needs and an owner’s preferences. NexGard’s monthly schedule supports early and routine prevention, while Bravecto’s extended dosing offers added convenience for eligible dogs.

, where prescriptions are managed with built-in veterinary oversight. After checkout, Koala Health connects directly with a pet’s veterinarian for approval and refills, simplifying ongoing parasite prevention while keeping care guided by a licensed professional.

NexGard vs. Bravecto: Which Flea & Tick Preventative Wins in 2026?

Your pet’s oral health is one of the most critical aspects of their overall wellbeing, yet it is often ignored. Just like humans, cats and dogs suffer from plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and gum recession. According to the American Veterinary Dental College, the most common major health problem in cats and dogs is periodontal disease, and mechanical cleaning through chewing is a key preventive measure (

). Data shows that more than 80% of dogs and 70% of cats develop gum disease by three years of age, making periodontal disease the most common clinical condition affecting adult pets.

This issue is more than just a matter of "bad breath”, oral bacteria can enter the bloodstream and impact vital organs like the heart and kidneys. While professional cleanings remain the recommended option, daily diet plays a massive role in the health of teeth and gums. From the crunch of kibble to the chemistry of supplements, here is how what you put in the bowl affects your pet's smile.

Dry kibble has long been promoted as a natural way to help keep pets’ teeth clean. The belief was that its crunchy texture would scrape plaque from the teeth during chewing. However, current veterinary research shows this effect is often overstated for most standard maintenance diets.

Research shared at the World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress indicates that “when a pet bites into a typical kibble, it fractures and breaks apart, offering minimal mechanical cleaning” (

). Because many pets consume small kibble pieces with little chewing or swallow them whole, the expected abrasive benefit is limited, allowing plaque and bacteria to remain on the tooth surface.

Specialized dental diets are formulated differently to solve this problem. These kibbles are typically larger with a fibrous texture that does not shatter immediately. VCA Animal Hospitals explains that "These larger dental kibbles scrape plaque from the surface of a tooth as the dog bites through the kibble" (

When choosing between canned and dry food, owners often focus on flavor, protein content, or hydration needs, but food texture also plays an important role in the oral environment. Wet food can be a good option for pets that need additional moisture (like cats) or have dental sensitivities. From an oral health perspective, however, its soft and sticky texture allows food to cling to tooth surfaces and accumulate along the gumline, creating an environment that can support plaque buildup if not regularly removed.

Dry kibble is frequently considered the more “dental-friendly” choice since it is less likely to cling to teeth compared to canned food. However, this advantage is limited. As noted earlier by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association, most standard kibble breaks apart quickly when bitten, reducing its ability to mechanically clean the teeth and provide a meaningful scrubbing action.

Ultimately, neither wet nor dry food alone is enough to protect against dental disease. While each option offers distinct nutritional and practical benefits, effective oral health requires additional support such as brushing, dental chews, or specially formulated 

 designed to actively reduce plaque and support gum health.

Treats and dental chews can be a useful part of your dog’s oral hygiene routine, but they aren’t a replacement for brushing or professional veterinary care. The primary benefit of treats comes from mechanical abrasion, which is the physical scrubbing of the tooth surface. The textured surfaces help scrape plaque from the teeth as the dog chews, similar to how a toothbrush works at a basic level. 

When dental chews are specifically formulated, clinically tested, and carry the 

Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) Seal of Acceptance

, studies show they can meaningfully reduce plaque and calculus accumulation when used consistently. VOHC-accepted products have demonstrated measurable reductions in plaque and tartar compared to no dental intervention, making them a valuable addition to a comprehensive dental care plan that includes brushing and routine veterinary cleanings. 

Beyond the physical act of chewing, the chemistry of a pet’s mouth can be strategically altered to inhibit bacterial growth and slow the progression of periodontal disease. According to the Veterinary Oral Health Council, water additives, oral gels, and dental powders serve as vital secondary lines of defense by utilizing active ingredients like enzymes, zinc compounds, and mild antiseptic agents. These components are designed to reduce the oral bacterial load, neutralize volatile sulfur compounds responsible for halitosis, and disrupt the formation of plaque biofilms before they mineralize into hard calculus.

While the American Animal Hospital Association (

) emphasizes that these products are not a substitute for mechanical brushing or professional cleanings, clinical research suggests they provide measurable benefits when used consistently. Data supported by the American Veterinary Dental College indicates that VOHC-accepted additives can reduce plaque and tartar accumulation by 20% to 50%. This is particularly significant for the vast majority of pet owners who struggle with daily brushing, as these products provide a passive form of care.

Dental disease does not happen all at once. It develops through daily bacterial buildup and limited removal. No single food or product can fully protect your pet’s teeth but a layered approach can make a meaningful difference. Professional cleanings remain the gold standard while consistent at-home care such as brushing, feeding dental specific diets offering VOHC approved chews and using oral supplements can significantly slow disease progression.

What goes into your pet’s bowl and how it is paired with intentional dental care affects more than just their smile. Oral health is closely tied to overall health making prevention an essential part of lifelong wellness.

The Link Between Diet and Oral Health

Feeding your dog or cat is about more than just filling a bowl. In an era where health conscious consumers read every ingredient list and calorie count on their own grocery store shelves, it is only natural to apply that same level of care to pet nutrition. Like humans, pets need the right balance of nutrients and energy to maintain a healthy weight, thrive with energy and avoid long-term health issues like pet obesity or diabetes.

, we believe that understanding exactly what goes into your pet’s bowl is the first step toward better wellness. This guide will help you navigate the complexities of pet food labels, calculate true caloric needs for dogs and cats, and uncover the hidden calories that might be stalling your pet’s fitness goals. By mastering the art of reading dog food labels, you can ensure your furry friend receives the best pet food for their specific life stage and activity level.

Pet food labels in the United States are regulated by the 

Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO)

. These organizations set standards for transparency, nutritional adequacy, and how information must appear on pet food packaging. While the front of the bag is often dominated by marketing terms like “premium” or “natural,” the most meaningful information is found on the back label, specifically the ingredient list and the guaranteed analysis. 

Ingredients are required to be listed in descending order by weight before cooking. This distinction matters because fresh meats such as chicken, beef, or lamb are made up of roughly 70–75% water. During the process used to make kibble, much of that moisture is cooked away. As a result, a fresh meat ingredient may appear first on the label due to its pre-cooked weight, even though it may contribute less actual protein to the finished product than an ingredient like “chicken meal,” which has already had the water removed and is therefore a more concentrated source of animal protein. Once moisture is removed, fresh meat may effectively fall much lower in the ingredient list.

 also govern how products are named. Foods labeled as “Beef Dog Food” must contain at least 95% percent of the named ingredient excluding added water. Descriptive terms like “dinner” “entrée” or “formula” require only 25% percent while phrases such as “with salmon” require just 3% percent. Products labeled by “flavor” may contain only trace amounts.

The Guaranteed Analysis section shows the levels of protein, fat, fiber, and moisture in the food. However, these numbers can be confusing if you are trying to compare wet food to dry kibble. Because wet food is mostly water, the protein and fat percentages will look much lower on the label even if the food is actually very nutritious. To get a fair comparison, you have to imagine the food with all the water removed. This is called looking at the "dry matter basis" and it is the only way to see the true nutrient density.

Feeding guidelines on pet food packaging are intended as general recommendations rather than strict rules. These amounts are based on average calorie needs and assume a typical level of activity, but every pet is unique. According to the 

 (AAHA), feeding recommendations on commercial products should be viewed as a starting point and pet weight and body condition should be monitored regularly to ensure they meet energy needs rather than exceed them.

For personalized feeding plans based on calorie needs, tools like the 

Pet Nutrition Alliance calorie calculator

 can help estimate daily intake and account for treats and activity level. Feeding tables might suggest a specific amount for a weight range, but your pet’s individual needs may differ. The best way to determine appropriate portions is by observing your pet’s body condition and energy levels over time and making adjustments accordingly. 

Even with carefully measured meals, extra calories can quietly add up. Treats are one of the most common culprits since many are calorie dense despite their small size. Human food and table scraps also contribute hidden calories because they often contain more fat and sugar than pets need, quickly pushing daily intake beyond healthy limits.

Food toppers and mix-ins can further increase calorie intake when added without adjusting meal portions. Additionally, calorie values on pet food labels are estimates, and factors like moisture content and digestibility affect how many calories a pet actually absorbs. Monitoring your pet’s body condition over time is the most reliable way to spot these hidden calories and make adjustments as needed.

Understanding pet calories starts with learning how to read food labels and recognizing that nutrition goes beyond what is listed on the front of the bag. Ingredients, product naming rules, guaranteed analysis and portion guidelines all provide valuable information but only when they are interpreted correctly. 

By paying attention to caloric density portion size and your pet’s individual needs you can make more informed feeding decisions that support a healthy weight, sustained energy and long term wellness. Monitoring body condition and adjusting intake as needed is far more effective than relying on feeding charts alone. With the right knowledge and a thoughtful approach to nutrition you can help your pet live a healthier happier life one bowl at a time.

Decoding Pet Nutrition: How to Read Labels

Maintaining a healthy weight is one of the most important factors in a pet’s overall health. Studies show that overweight pets can have a shorter lifespan by up to two years and face a higher risk of joint problems, diabetes and heart disease. Today, a growing number of cats and dogs are carrying excess weight, with obesity rates continuing to climb each year. According to the 

Association for Pet Obesity Prevention’s 2024 Pet Obesity & Nutrition Opinion Survey

, 35% of dog owners and 33% of cat owners now recognize that their pets are overweight or have obesity. 

While reducing calories and increasing activity remain the focus of any weight loss plan, feeding less can create nutritional gaps or slow metabolism. Modern veterinary medicine now emphasizes targeted support systems that work along with calorie-controlled diets to help pets lose fat while maintaining muscle. At 

, we carry different products that are designed for weight management, providing high-quality protein and essential nutrients, supporting metabolism and reducing the risk of nutrient deficiencies during weight loss.

When a pet’s calories are restricted, the body naturally slows metabolism, which can stall weight loss. 

 stresses maintaining a high protein-to-calorie ratio to protect lean body mass, which supports ongoing calorie burning. Without proper support pets may lose muscle instead of fat, leading to weakness and a higher risk of regaining weight. “Weight loss should be a gradual process monitored by a professional to ensure the pet is losing fat, not essential lean tissue,” they warn. “Drastic calorie restriction without proper nutritional support increases the risk of creating nutrient deficiencies.”

 designed for weight management that work in tandem with calorie-controlled diets. These formulas provide high-quality protein and essential nutrients to help pets retain lean muscle, support metabolism, and reduce the risk of nutrient gaps, keeping pets healthy and energized throughout their weight loss journey.

Excess weight puts a significant amount of stress on a pet's skeletal system. Often, a pet stops exercising not because they are "lazy," but because they are in pain.

, work to dampen this systemic inflammation. By making movement more comfortable, these supports allow pets to engage in the physical activity necessary to achieve their weight goals. 

Omega-3 fatty acids work at the cellular level to reduce inflammatory signals, making movement more comfortable and less painful. By improving joint function and reducing stiffness, these supplements enable pets to participate more fully in physical activity, which is critical for effective weight management.

Preventing Nutrient Gaps and Supporting Digestive Health

Veterinarians stress that weight loss should be gradual and guided by a professional in order to prevent too much weight loss too quickly. Doing so will result in an increased risk of muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies and metabolic disruption. When kibble volume is reduced, pets may also miss out on essential nutrients needed for immune function, skin and coat health and overall vitality. 

 is formulated specifically for pets on restricted diets to ensure pets remain nutritionally fulfilled while calories are reduced, safeguarding immune health, supporting skin and coat condition and protecting overall well-being as pets reach their weight goals.

Digestive Health is another key factor in weight management. A balanced gut can reduce the systemic inflammation often associated with obesity, making the transition to a new diet smoother and more comfortable for the pet's gastrointestinal tract. 

 support this balance by promoting healthy digestion and helping the body respond more effectively to calorie-controlled diets. Together, targeted nutrient supplementation and gut support help pets maintain energy, feel satisfied and stay on track throughout their weight loss journey.

Veterinary guidance is a key factor in achieving successful health outcomes. The

American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)

 emphasizes that individualized plans and regular monitoring lead to safer and more effective outcomes. Since every animal has different metabolic rates, professional guidance helps ensure that weight loss happens at a safe pace, usually 1% to 2% of body weight per week.

Achieving a healthy weight is a long-term commitment that depends on the right balance of nutrition, physical activity and veterinary guidance. While maintaining a healthier lifestyle can be challenging, the benefits are meaningful and lasting, including increased energy, improved mobility, reduced joint strain and a lower risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. By choosing vet-approved support systems and prescription diets, pet parents are not just helping their pets lose weight but supporting stronger metabolic health and overall well-being.

, we help pets stay on track by coordinating directly with your veterinarian and offering convenient auto refill options for medications and prescription diets. This ensures that pets always have the products they need in the correct doses so weight management remains consistent and effective. Weight management is a marathon, not a sprint and with the right support pets can move toward a healthier and more comfortable future.

Helping Pets Lose Weight Safely

When the temperature drops, many pet owners breathe a sigh of relief – fleas and ticks must be gone for the season, right? Not quite. While colder weather may slow parasite activity, it doesn’t eliminate the risk. Fleas and ticks are remarkably resilient and often find ways to survive through winter, especially indoors and during stretches of mild weather. These persistent misconceptions can leave pets and their owners vulnerable to infestations and tick-borne disease. Below, we break down the most common winter myths and explain why year-round protection matters.

Cold weather may reduce visible parasite activity, but it does not eliminate the risk. All stages of the flea life cycle (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults) are influenced by temperature and humidity. In heated homes or insulated shelters, their cycle can continue uninterrupted, even in winter. As a result, a single flea brought inside on a dog or cat can quickly turn into a full household infestation, catching pet parents off guard even in December.

 shows that fleas can survive temperatures as low as 

for several days, meaning winter alone does not eliminate flea populations. While cold weather may slow flea activity outdoors, fleas are highly adaptable and often continue to thrive when pets live indoors or spend time in warm micro-climates around the home.

Ticks don’t simply disappear when temperatures drop. While many tick species are less active during consistently cold weather, some are most active in the fall and early winter months. In fact, all tick species can become active during warmer winter days, particularly when temperatures rise above freezing.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

, ticks survive winter by sheltering in fallen leaves, tall grass, brush

and other protected micro-habitats that insulate them from extreme cold. When conditions warm up, even briefly, ticks begin looking for a host again. This means a mild winter or an unexpected warm spell can lead to tick encounters when pet parents least expect them, increasing the importance of year-round awareness and prevention.

Myth 3: Indoor-only pets don’t need protection in winter

Fleas and ticks can still find their way indoors during the colder months, even if your pet rarely goes outside. These parasites are often brought indoors on people by clinging to clothing, shoes, or bags, or introduced by wildlife that enter crawlspaces, garages, basements, or even by wandering through yards.

Once inside, fleas thrive in warm, comfortable environments like carpets, upholstery and pet bedding, where they can multiply quickly and spread throughout the home. Because of this, indoor-only pets are not immune to flea and tick exposure. That’s why consistent, year-round protection is so important. 

 veterinarian-approved preventives make it easier to stay protected, with vet-coordinated care and convenient auto-refill options that help ensure your pet never misses a dose, even during the busy winter months.

Myth 4: I can stop prevention during winter — it’s cheaper and safe

Stopping flea and tick prevention during winter can actually increase your pet’s risk. When prevention is skipped, fleas and ticks can re-establish themselves quietly, especially indoors or during mild winter days. This makes infestations harder and more expensive to control once they take hold and increases the risk of diseases that can affect both pets and people. 

 recommends year-round flea and tick prevention because consistent protection is the most effective way to break the parasite life cycle before it starts. Continuous prevention helps keep your pet comfortable, protects your home and reduces the chance of surprise infestations when temperatures rise again. 